Wednesday 15 January 2020

Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Inductees, 1986-2020

Last updated 1/15/2020.

The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame was established in 1983 to, as the website says, “recognize the contributions of those who have had a significant impact on the evolution, development, and perpetuation of rock and roll.” As the site says, “to be eligible for induction as an artist (as a performer, composer, or musician)…the artist must have released a record, in the generally accepted sense of that phrase, at least 25 years prior to the year of induction and have demonstrated unquestionable musical excellence.” Among considerations are the artist’s influence on other artists, length and depth of career, body of work, and innovation and superiority in style and technique.

Here is an alphabetical listing of all inductees from 1986 to 2019. Click on the act’s name to go to the DMDB music maker encyclopedia entry. Click on “hall bio” to go to the act’s Rock and Roll Hall of Fame page.

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X-Y

Z

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The Cambridges Celebrate Community Projects In Bradford

It was an 'away day' for the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge as they carried out a day of engagements celebrating "a number of projects which support the community and promote cohesion within it, in one of the UK’s most diverse cities."


It marks Kate's first public engagement of 2020. The Cambridges spent Christmas with the royal family and enjoyed the school holidays at Anmer Hall where they celebrated Kate's birthday with Michael and Carole Middleton and a host of friends. They returned to London last week ahead of George and Charlotte's return to Thomas's Battersea. The Court Circular recorded a meeting for Kate last week regarding her early years work - we will be hearing quite a bit more on the project soon.


In November Bradford was named the "most improved city" to live and work in the UK. The West Yorkshire city was credited with an impressive "work-life balance" in the study by PWC and think tank Demos which measured cities against criteria people think most important to quality of life in addition to opportunities. National businesses including Channel 4 have invested and brought jobs to the area in recent years. It is home the largest proportion of people of Pakistani ethnic origin (20.3%) in England. Following William and Kate's tour of Pakistan, highlighting the Pakistani community would have been one of the key reasons for today's visit.


A gorgeous posy for Kate upon arrival.


In honour of the royal visit, City Hall turned red, white and blue last night.


City Hall was in fact their first port of call today.


Inside the couple met with a group of young people from across the community to hear about life in Bradford. 


More from the Mail:

''STEM is something we have been going around asking about a lot,' said William., 'getting girls into engineering. ' He asked: 'How did you find the journey getting into it. Easy? Difficult? What more can be done?'
Caitlund told them eloquently about the 'stigma' she sometimes felt the profession came with for women. There was, she said, a misnomer that women wouldn't be good with their hands and said there was an urgent need for more apprenticeships.
Kate also chatted to Rosena Nawaz about mental health issues and asked her: 'Do you think a lot of your friends are talking about mental health as topic of conversation? Is this something people your age are talking about? Is there a big conversation around anxiety and depression?''

According to a 2017 report, Bradford is home to an increasingly younger population with 30% aged 20 and under. They also had a chat with employers and businesses who are helping young people into employment.



As an enthusiastic crowd waited outside, a police officer decided it was time for a spot of 'Heads, Shoulders, Knees & Toes' to keep the children entertained :)



In Centenary Square, it was time to meet the public.


The Duchess was very impressed by the green and red uniforms on display from local schoolchildren.


Josh was particularly excited to meet the Duchess and got "a big hug".


William was seen communicating with a well-wisher using sign language. Yesterday the Prince made headlines during an investiture when he congratulated deaf interpreter Alex Duguid MBE in sign language.



Next, it was time for a previously unannounced engagement for the Duke and Duchess as they visited British Asian kitchen, My Lahore. The restaurant takes inspiration from Lahore which is considered the culinary capital of Pakistan. Kensington Palace said it "evoked memories" of the recent tour.


Kate had a great time making a Kulfi milkshake, while William made a Mango Lassi.


Milkshake in hand, Kate set about meeting guests. She always finds the little ones in the room :)


More from The Telegraph:

'The royal couple made mango and kulfi milkshakes in the kitchen, under the guidance of operations director Ishfaq Farooq. The duke and duchess chose ice cream to add to their drinks and mixed them using blenders.
William called his milkshake "delicious" as he took a sip, before asking staff about the origin of ingredients used.
Boxer Amir Khan, a friend of the family who own MyLahore, met the duke and duchess during their visit to the restaurant. He said he spoke to William about his boxing foundation and mental health in sport.'

William and Kate with Amir Khan.


Meeting chefs and staff.


Kate told well-wishers the trip to Pakistan was "such a special visit, we really enjoyed it".



William and Kate visited one of Bradford’s Khidmat Centres, whose main focus is to help the most vulnerable members of the community from minority ethnic backgrounds.


They heard about the activities and workshops offered at the centre, and the organisations that they support.


They were wowed by an outstanding 'William and Kate' cake made by the incredibly talented Siama Ali. The creation depicted events in their lives. Emily Andrews reports when William saw his baby photo he thought it was "our little Lottie".


Danielle Stacey shared a closer look.


From there, the couple joined a session involving groups supported by Better Start Bradford, which delivers over 20 projects to pregnant women and families with children under the age of 4.


What did I tell you about Kate finding the little ones? :)


Speaking of children, Kate was asked if she and William have any plans to add to their family. More from The Mirror:

'During a chat with Josh Macpalce, who told her he had sent her and William cards congratulating them on the births of all three of their children, she replied: “I don’t think William wants any more.”

William and Kate met families from the ‘Older Yet Wiser’ project, a unique and innovative workshop series for grandparents who have child-caring responsibilities for their grandchildren. Participants in the workshop are given tools to enhance their relationship with their grandchildren whilst receiving up-to-date information on raising children in the 21st century.


Kate joked about trying her hand at knitting a very special jumper for George. The video also has a clip of Kate doing a little dancing with her new friend.


Kensington Palace added: "The Duchess’s longstanding work on the early years has highlighted the importance of supporting children and families during this seminal period of their lives, and the importance of all members of society in raising children."


Their final event was a workshop run by Near Neighbours, an organisation which brings people together in communities across the UK that are religiously and ethnically diverse.


The Duchess wrapped up in a new green military style coat by Alexander McQueen.


Underneath, Kate sported a ZARA Printed Dress. The piece is described as: "Flowing long sleeve dress featuring a high neck with ties and a V-shaped opening, an elastic inner waist, a detachable belt in matching fabric with a covered buckle, and front button fastening." It's currently on sale for just £16.


Kate carried her black croc Aspinal of London Midi Mayfair bag.

And in a sartorial nod to the recent tour of Pakistan and today's events, Kate brought back her earrings by Pakistani brand Zeen.


The Duchess completed the look with her Gianvito Rossi Piper block heel shoes.



It was fantastic to see such a lovely atmosphere in Bradford and to learn more about the wonderful organisations and projects in the area. On Monday, William and Kate will host a reception on behalf of the Queen to mark the UK - Africa summit.


Comment Note: For the sake of keeping the comments section on topic, civil and manageable, please keep the conversation on the Cambridges and not the recent news regarding the Sussexes. Thank you very much for your understanding on this.
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Tuesday 14 January 2020

From Smoke Going Round the World to Aerosol Levels, NASA Observes Australia's Bushfires

NOAA / NASA - Suomi NPP  Mission patch.

Jan. 14, 2020

Suomi NPP satellite. Image Credit: NOAA/NASA

NASA scientists using data from its NOAA/NASA Suomi NPP satellite, has traced the movement of the smoke coming off the Australian fires across the globe showing that it has circumnavigated the Earth. In an image created from data gathered by the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) Nadir Mapper on Suomi NPP, a black circle shows the smoke which had been traced from its origins coming back to the eastern region of Australia after having traveled around the world. Suomi NPP carries carry five science instruments and is the first satellite mission to address the challenge of acquiring a wide range of land, ocean, and atmospheric measurements for Earth system science while simultaneously preparing to address operational requirements for weather forecasting. Suomi NPP also represents the gateway to the creation of a U.S. climate monitoring system, collecting both climate and operational weather data and continuing key data records that are critical for global change science.


Image above: This image of the UV aerosol index from the Suomi NPP satellite OMPS Nadir Mapper instrument showing a "close-up" from Jan. 13, 2020 (specifically orbit 42546). The image reveals that the smoke has now made its all the way back to eastern Australia (black circle). The red circle shows "newly formed" (or current) smoke that has just been emitted from the fires. The green circle shows the dust from an intense dust storm. Image Credits: NASA/Colin Seftor.

NASA’s satellite instruments are often the first to detect wildfires burning in remote regions, and the locations of new fires are sent directly to land managers worldwide within hours of the satellite overpass. Together, NASA instruments detect actively burning fires, track the transport of smoke from fires, provide information for fire management, and map the extent of changes to ecosystems, based on the extent and severity of burn scars. NASA has a fleet of Earth-observing instruments, many of which contribute to our understanding of fire in the Earth system. Satellites in orbit around the poles provide observations of the entire planet several times per day, whereas satellites in a geostationary orbit provide coarse-resolution imagery of fires, smoke and clouds every five to 15 minutes.

NASA satellites can show the movement of the smoke across the globe as evidenced above, but other instruments found onboard can give scientists, firefighters, health experts, local government, and others information about what is happening on the ground in real-time.


(Click on the image for enlarge)

Image above: This image from the Suomi NPP satellite shows the smoke all the way to south of western Australia (data from Jan.13, 2020). After the black line, the data is from Jan. 12, 2020. The circled area is from Jan. 12 and shows the smoke from western Australia. he aerosol index signal in central Australia (at the left of the image) is not from smoke but from an intense dust storm. Image Credits: NASA/Colin Seftor.

In an image taken on Jan. 13, 2020, the Suomi NPP satellite used the reflectance bands on the VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite) instrument to clearly show the areas that have been affected by the fires (dark brown to black) alongside areas not burned (appearing green to bright green). These reflective bands can also be used to show the "height" of clouds since clouds lower to the ground appear whiter and clouds higher in the atmosphere appear bluer to aqua since the ice crystals within the clouds reflect a bluer color using this instrument.  Just changing values on a satellite instrument can give those on the ground information they would not have any other way. The image below shows the burned areas, clear areas and clouds in just this way.


Image above: This image was taken on Jan. 13, 2020 by NOAA/NASA's Suomi NPP satellite. The image shows the fires in eastern Australia and using the VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite) several reflective bands have been introduced into the image to highlight areas that have been burned as well as smoke and clouds coming off the fire affected areas. Burned areas or fire-affected areas are characterized by deposits of charcoal and ash, removal of vegetation and/or the alteration of vegetation structure. Areas unaffected by fire will appear bright green. Clouds comprised of small water droplets scatter light equally in both the visible and will appear white. These clouds are usually lower to the ground and warmer. High and cold clouds are comprised of ice crystals and will appear turquoise. On the left edge of the image, Kangaroo Island can be seen. Image Credits: NASA's Worldview.

So, too, air quality during events such as devastating bushfires is another serious concern to address and NASA satellites are able to help in this area as well. 

The OMPS (Ozone Mapper and Profiler Suite of instruments) Aerosol Index layer on Suomi NPP is able to indicate the presence of ultraviolet (UV)-absorbing particles in the air (aerosols) such as desert dust and, in this case, soot particles in the atmosphere; it is related to both the thickness of the aerosol layer located in the atmosphere and to the height of the layer. The Aerosol Index is a unitless range from < 0.00 (clear ranging to light yellow then yellow) to >=5.00, where 5.0 (dark red) indicates heavy concentrations of aerosols that could reduce visibility or impact human health. The Aerosol Index layer is useful for identifying and tracking the long-range transport of volcanic ash from volcanic eruptions, smoke from wildfires or biomass burning events and dust from desert dust storms, even tracking over clouds and areas of snow and ice.

Aerosols absorb and scatter incoming sunlight, which reduces visibility and increases the optical depth. Aerosols have an effect on human health, weather and the climate. Aerosols are produced from many events including pollution from factories, smoke from fires, dust from dust storms, sea salts, and volcanic ash and smog. Aerosols compromise human health when inhaled by people with asthma or other respiratory illnesses. Aerosols also have an affect on the weather and climate by cooling or warming the earth, helping or preventing clouds from forming. The image below shows a huge area directly above the bushfires that is spewing extreme amounts of aerosols into the atmosphere creating a health hazard not only for residents in the area, but also for those affected when wind patterns carry that smoke on jet streams.


Image above: This Suomi NPP image from Jan. 14, 2020 using the OMPS instrument shows heavy concentrations of aerosols over the areas still on fire in eastern Australia. Image Credits: NASA Worldview.

NOAA meteorologists incorporate Suomi NPP data into their weather prediction models to produce forecasts and warnings that help emergency responders anticipate, monitor and react to many types of natural disasters, including the bushfires plaguing Australia currently.  Suomi NPP serves as an important link between the current generation of Earth-observing satellites and the next generation of climate and weather satellites. It observes the Earth’s surface twice every 24-hour day, once in daylight and once at night. In its orbit Suomi NPP flies 512 miles (824 kilometers) above the surface in a polar orbit, circling the planet about 14 times a day. The satellite sends its data once an orbit to the ground station in Svalbard, Norway and continuously to local direct broadcast users. The data collected by Suomi NPP can help save lives.

​NASA's Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Worldview application provides the capability to interactively browse over 700 global, full-resolution satellite imagery layers and then download the underlying data. Many of the available imagery layers are updated within three hours of observation, essentially showing the entire Earth as it looks "right now.” This satellite image was collected on Actively burning fires, detected by thermal bands, are shown as red points. Image Courtesy: NASA Worldview, Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS).

Related article:

NASA Animates World Path of Smoke and Aerosols from Australian Fires
https://orbiterchspacenews.blogspot.com/2020/01/nasa-animates-world-path-of-smoke-and.html

Related links:

Earth Science Data Systems (ESDS): https://earthdata.nasa.gov/esds

NASA's Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS): https://earthdata.nasa.gov/eosdis

NOAA/NASA's Suomi NPP satellite: http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/NPP/main/index.html

Fire and Smoke: http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/fires/main/

Hazards: https://www.nasa.gov/subject/3130/hazards

Images (mentioned), Text, Credits: NASA/Lynn Jenner/Goddard Space Flight Center, by Lynn Jenner.

Greetings, Orbiter.ch
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